Physics Formulas For Class 11 & 12
Physics Formulas for Class 11 & 12 – Mechanics, Waves, Electricity, Magnetism [PDF]
Physics Formulas are essential for mastering Class 11 and 12 Physics for board exams and entrance tests like JEE and NEET. On this page, Hodu Academy presents a chapter-wise collection of all-important physics formulas – designed for quick revision, concept clarity, and top scores.
Use these formula sheets, mind maps, and short notes for Class 11 and 12 Physics to solve numericals, understand principles, memorize key results, and ace MCQs.
Whether you’re preparing for CBSE, ICSE, or State boards – or aiming for competitive exams – these formula tables are your essential last-minute revision toolkit!
- Class 11 Physics Formula List
- Class 11 Chapter-wise Formula Details
- Class 12 Physics Formula List
- Class 12 Chapter-wise Formula Details
- Mechanics Formulas
- Waves & Oscillations Formulas
- Electricity & Magnetism Formulas
- Modern Physics Formulas
- Important Definitions & Mind Maps
- How to Study Physics Formulas Effectively
- FAQs on Physics Formulas
Class 11 Physics Formula List
Class 11 Physics builds the base: Kinematics, Laws of Motion, Work-Energy, Gravitation, Thermodynamics, Oscillations, and Waves. Below is a chapter-wise table of the most important formulas for Class 11 Physics:
Chapter Name | Key Formulas & Concepts |
---|---|
Physical World & Measurement | SI Units, Dimensions, Error analysis |
Kinematics | v = u + at, s = ut + ½at², s = vt – ½at², v² = u² + 2as |
Laws of Motion | F = ma, Newton’s Laws, Friction = μN |
Work, Energy & Power | Work = F·d, KE = ½mv², PE = mgh, Power = Work/time |
Rotational Motion | Torque = r × F, I = mr², L = Iω, α = dω/dt |
Gravitation | F = GMm/r², g = GM/R², Vesc = √(2GM/R) |
Mechanical Properties of Solids & Fluids | Stress = F/A, Strain = Δl/l, Pressure = F/A, Bernoulli’s theorem |
Thermal Properties of Matter | Q = mcΔT, Q = mL, Newton’s Law of Cooling, Stefan’s Law |
Thermodynamics | ΔU = Q – W, First Law, Efficiency = (W/Qin)×100% |
Oscillations & Waves | T = 2π√(m/k), T = 2π√(l/g), v = fλ, y = a sin(ωt + φ) |
Class 11 Physics: Chapter-wise Formula Details
Note: Only chapters with significant formulas are included.
- v = u + at; s = ut + ½at²; s = vt – ½at²; v² = u² + 2as
- Average velocity = Total displacement/Total time
- F = ma, Newton’s Laws, Friction: Ffriction = μN
- Tension, Normal force, Free body diagrams
- Work = F·d·cosθ; KE = ½mv²; PE = mgh
- Power = Work/time; Work-Energy theorem
- Torque (τ) = r × F; I = mr²; Angular momentum L = Iω
- α = dω/dt, Kinetic energy (rotational) = ½Iω²
- Universal law: F = GMm/r²
- g = GM/R²; Vesc = √(2GM/R); Gravitational potential energy U = –GMm/r
- ΔU = Q – W; First Law; Isothermal/Adiabatic equations
- Efficiency (η) = W/Qin
- SHM: x = A sin(ωt + φ), T = 2π√(m/k), T = 2π√(l/g)
- Wave speed: v = fλ, Standing/Travelling waves
Class 12 Physics Formula List
Class 12 Physics brings advanced concepts: Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction, Optics, Dual Nature, Atoms, Nuclei, Semiconductors. Below is a table of must-know formulas for Class 12 Physics:
Chapter Name | Key Formulas & Concepts |
---|---|
Electrostatics | F = kq₁q₂/r², E = F/q, V = kQ/r, Gauss’s law |
Current Electricity | Ohm’s law: V = IR, R = ρl/A, Power = VI |
Magnetic Effects of Current | Biot-Savart Law, F = qvB sinθ, Ampere’s law |
Electromagnetic Induction | ε = –dΦ/dt, Faraday’s laws, Lenz’s law |
Alternating Current | I = I₀ sinωt, RMS value, Impedance Z = √(R² + (XL – XC)²) |
Electromagnetic Waves | c = fλ, Maxwell’s equations (summary), Properties |
Optics | Mirror/lens formula: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u, m = –v/u, Snell’s law |
Dual Nature & Atoms | E = hf, λ = h/p, Photoelectric effect, Energy levels |
Nuclei | Mass defect, Binding energy, Radioactive decay N = N₀e–λt |
Semiconductors & Electronics | PN Junction, I–V characteristics, Logic gates (AND, OR, NOT) |
Class 12 Physics: Chapter-wise Formula Details
Note: Only chapters with significant formulas are included.
- F = kq₁q₂/r²; E = F/q; V = kQ/r; Potential energy = kq₁q₂/r
- Gauss’s law: ∮E·dA = Q/ε₀
- Capacitance: C = Q/V; Series & Parallel rules
- V = IR; R = ρl/A; Power = VI = I²R
- Series & Parallel combinations, Kirchhoff’s Laws
- F = qvB sinθ; Biot–Savart Law; Ampere’s Law ∮B·dl = μ₀I
- Magnetic moment, Bar magnet formulas
- ε = –dΦ/dt; Faraday’s & Lenz’s Law
- Irms = I₀/√2; Impedance Z = √(R² + (XL – XC)²)
- Transformer: V₁/V₂ = N₁/N₂
- Lens/Mirror: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u; m = –v/u; Snell’s law: n₁sinθ₁ = n₂sinθ₂
- Magnification, Refractive index, Total Internal Reflection
- E = hf = hc/λ; λ = h/p
- Photoelectric effect: eV = hf – ϕ
- Nuclear decay: N = N₀e–λt; Mass defect & Binding energy
- PN Junction, Diode equation: I = I₀(eqV/nkT – 1)
- Logic gates: AND, OR, NOT (truth tables)
Mechanics Formulas
Formula/Concept | Explanation |
---|---|
Equation of Motion | v = u + at; s = ut + ½at²; v² = u² + 2as |
Force & Laws of Motion | F = ma; Friction F = μN |
Work, Energy, Power | W = F·d·cosθ; KE = ½mv²; PE = mgh; Power = Work/time |
Circular Motion | Centripetal force = mv²/r; a = v²/r; ω = v/r |
Rotational Motion | τ = Iα; I = mr²; L = Iω; α = dω/dt |
Gravitation | F = GMm/r²; g = GM/R²; Vesc = √(2GM/R) |
Waves & Oscillations Formulas
Formula/Concept | Explanation |
---|---|
Wave Speed | v = fλ |
SHM Equation | y = a sin(ωt + φ); T = 2π√(m/k) |
Pendulum | T = 2π√(l/g) |
Doppler Effect | f' = f (v±vo)/(v±vs) |
Standing Waves | Nodes, Antinodes, Harmonics |
Electricity & Magnetism Formulas
Formula/Concept | Explanation |
---|---|
Coulomb’s Law | F = kq₁q₂/r² |
Ohm’s Law | V = IR; R = ρl/A |
Kirchhoff’s Laws | ΣI(in) = ΣI(out), ΣV(loop) = 0 |
Biot-Savart Law | dB = (μ₀/4π) × (Idl × r̂)/r² |
Faraday’s Law | ε = –dΦ/dt |
Ampere’s Law | ∮B·dl = μ₀I |
Modern Physics Formulas
Formula/Concept | Explanation |
---|---|
Photoelectric Effect | E = hf, K.E. = hf – ϕ |
de Broglie Wavelength | λ = h/p |
Radioactive Decay | N = N₀e–λt |
Binding Energy | BE = Δmc² |
Semiconductor | VPN, Diode, Logic gates |
Important Physics Definitions & Laws
- Scalar Quantity: Has magnitude only (e.g., mass, temperature).
- Vector Quantity: Has magnitude and direction (e.g., velocity, force).
- Newton’s Laws: Laws of motion describing the relation between force and motion.
- Conservation Laws: Energy, Momentum, and Charge are conserved in isolated systems.
- Ohm’s Law: V = IR, relation between current, voltage, and resistance.
- Snell’s Law: n₁sinθ₁ = n₂sinθ₂, law of refraction.
- Faraday’s Law: Induced emf equals the rate of change of magnetic flux.
- Radioactive Decay Law: The number of nuclei decreases exponentially over time.
How to Study Physics Formulas Effectively?
- Write important formulas and laws for each chapter in a dedicated notebook.
- Revise formulas before tests and practice their application with numerical problems.
- Use flashcards for key laws and dimensional formulas.
- Understand physical meaning – don’t just memorize, visualize with diagrams and units.
- Relate formulas to real-life examples and lab experiments.
- Solve previous years’ papers to master concept application.
Tip: Visit this page before every exam for a high-speed, high-yield revision!
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) – Physics Formulas
- Q1. How can I memorize all physics formulas?
Group formulas by topic, practice with numerical problems, and revise regularly using summary sheets and flashcards. - Q2. Are these formulas enough for JEE, NEET, or Board Exams?
Yes! These include core CBSE/NCERT/ISC formulas asked in JEE, NEET, CUET, and board exams. - Q3. How do I apply physics formulas in numericals?
Understand the principle, list given/required values, and use the relevant formula with correct units. - Q4. Which chapters have the most formulas?
Mechanics, Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetism, Optics, and Modern Physics.
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