Physics Important Concepts, Formulae & Laws (CBSE, IGCSE, IB, JEE, NEET)

Quick Revision for School Boards (CBSE/ICSE/IGCSE/IB), NEET, JEE & Olympiads – By Hodu Academy
Master Physics in record time! Here’s your all-in-one guide for the most crucial topics, definitions, formulae, and laws in Physics—handpicked by Hodu Academy’s Physics experts.
Perfect for last-minute revision, board exams (CBSE/ICSE/IGCSE/IB), NEET & JEE aspirants, and Olympiad toppers. Each topic is explained for both concept clarity and exam-cracking.

Bookmark this page as your Physics cheat-sheet—updated for 2025 and suitable for all major Indian & International boards, including IGCSE and IB Diploma Programme!
This page covers:
  • 250+ Important Physics concepts and definitions (IGCSE & IB compatible)
  • All must-know formulae (for Boards, NEET & International syllabi)
  • SI Units, Laws, Theorems & Devices
  • Short explanations for difficult topics
  • Quick links for practice questions & detailed notes

Why Use This Physics Cheat Sheet?

Physics is the backbone of every science and engineering career. Scoring well in Physics is essential for NEET, JEE Mains, Advanced, Olympiads, CBSE, ICSE, IGCSE, and IB exams. But with hundreds of definitions, formulae, and tricky laws, last-minute revision can get overwhelming.

This page helps you:
  • Revise complex topics in under 10 minutes per chapter
  • Find all important formulae for direct question-solving
  • Quickly lookup units, symbols, or law statements
  • Focus on the exam-relevant material—no time wasted
  • Prepare confidently for IGCSE & IB Physics papers

Tip: Try our Physics MCQ quizzes and formula flashcards for active recall!

Complete Physics Important Concepts & Formulae List

250+ must-know Physics topics for Boards & Competitive Exams (including IGCSE & IB)
Categories covered: Physical World, Measurements, Kinematics, Laws of Motion, Gravitation, Thermodynamics, Waves, Optics, Electricity, Magnetism, Modern Physics, Devices & Instruments, and more!
Mapped to: CBSE, ICSE, IGCSE, IB Diploma (SL & HL), NEET, JEE Main/Advanced & Olympiads
Measurement & Basics Mechanics & Motion Heat & Thermodynamics Waves & Optics Electricity, Magnetism & Modern
  • SI Units & Physical Quantities
  • Accuracy, Precision, Errors
  • Significant Figures
  • Dimensions & Dimensional Analysis
  • Vernier Calipers & Screw Gauge
  • Fundamental Constants (c, h, G, e, k, NA)
  • Order of Magnitude
  • Measurement Devices
  • Vector & Scalar Quantities
  • Graphs: Distance-Time, Velocity-Time
  • IB/IGCSE Focus: Uncertainty, Percentage Error, Scientific Notation
  • Kinematics: Speed, Velocity, Acceleration
  • Equations of Motion (Derivation & Application)
  • Projectile Motion
  • Newton’s Laws of Motion
  • Friction: Static, Sliding, Rolling
  • Circular Motion & Centripetal Force
  • Work, Energy, Power
  • Conservation Laws (Momentum, Energy)
  • Gravity: Universal Law, Acceleration due to Gravity, Escape & Orbital Velocity
  • Rotational Motion, Torque, Moment of Inertia
  • Centre of Mass & Equilibrium
  • IGCSE & IB: Free-Body Diagrams, Terminal Velocity, Real-Life Applications
  • Heat, Temperature, Thermal Expansion
  • Calorimetry & Heat Transfer (Conduction, Convection, Radiation)
  • Thermodynamics Laws (Zeroth, First, Second, Third)
  • Heat Engines, Refrigerator, Carnot Cycle
  • Entropy, Enthalpy, Internal Energy
  • Kinetic Theory of Gases
  • Latent Heat, Specific Heat
  • Change of State (Melting, Boiling, Sublimation)
  • IB/IGCSE: Specific Latent Heat, Gas Laws, Ideal vs Real Gases
  • Wave Motion, Types of Waves
  • Speed of Sound, Echo, SONAR
  • Doppler Effect
  • Superposition, Interference, Beats
  • Reflection, Refraction of Light
  • Lenses & Mirrors, Image Formation
  • Optical Instruments (Microscope, Telescope)
  • Dispersion, Scattering (Rainbow, Blue Sky)
  • Diffraction, Polarization
  • Electromagnetic Waves
  • For IGCSE/IB: Practical Ray Diagrams, Lens Equations, Wave Properties
  • Electrostatics: Charge, Coulomb's Law
  • Electric Field & Potential
  • Capacitors, Dielectrics
  • Current Electricity: Ohm’s Law, Circuits, Resistors
  • Kirchhoff’s Laws
  • Magnetism: Bar Magnet, Earth Magnetism
  • Electromagnetic Induction (Faraday, Lenz Law)
  • Alternating Current, Transformers
  • Electromagnetic Spectrum
  • Modern Physics: Photoelectric Effect, Atomic Models, Radioactivity
  • Semiconductors: Diode, Transistor
  • Physics Devices: CRO, Meter Bridge, Potentiometer
  • IGCSE/IB: Logic Gates, Digital Electronics, Practical Circuits

Physics Must-Know Laws & Constants

Laws & Principles (Applicable to CBSE, IGCSE, IB & More):
  • Newton’s Laws of Motion & Universal Gravitation
  • Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
  • Ohm’s Law, Coulomb’s Law, Gauss’s Law
  • Faraday’s Laws, Lenz’s Law
  • Snell’s Law, Reflection & Refraction Laws
  • Law of Conservation of Energy & Momentum
  • Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law, Avogadro’s Law
  • Stefan-Boltzmann Law, Wien’s Law
  • Planck’s Quantum Theory, Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

Physical Constants (Used across CBSE, IGCSE, IB, NEET):
  • Speed of light (c) = 3 × 108 m/s
  • Gravitational constant (G) = 6.67 × 10-11 Nm²/kg²
  • Planck’s constant heart = 6.626 × 10-34 Js
  • Electron charge (e) = 1.6 × 10-19 C
  • Boltzmann constant (k) = 1.38 × 10-23 J/K
  • Avogadro’s number (NA) = 6.022 × 1023 mol-1
  • Universal gas constant (R) = 8.314 J/mol·K

Tips to Score 90+ in Physics (CBSE, IGCSE & IB)

  • Memorize all key formulae (use this table daily!)
  • Practice conceptual MCQs and numericals for every chapter (includes IGCSE & IB pattern questions)
  • Revise definitions, units, and law statements regularly
  • Make your own short notes for tough topics
  • Practice drawing diagrams, graphs, and labelling them
  • Use Hodu Academy’s Physics quizzes for quick self-tests
For PDF downloads, IGCSE/IB practice sheets, or doubts, Contact Hodu Academy now!
Your Physics Success, Our Commitment – Hodu Academy 🚀
Last modified: Friday, 11 July 2025, 7:26 PM