Q1. Describe the circumstances leading to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France?

Several factors contributed to the revolutionary protests in France in 1789:

  • Social Inequality: French society was divided into three estates. The clergy (First Estate) and the nobility (Second Estate) enjoyed privileges, while the commoners (Third Estate) bore heavy taxes and had no say in political matters. This inequality fueled anger among the Third Estate.
  • Weak Monarchy: King Louis XVI was seen as an ineffective leader who failed to address the grievances of the people. His inability to reform taxation and government deepened the crisis.
  • Economic Crisis: France faced a severe financial crisis due to costly wars (like the American War of Independence) and extravagant spending by the monarchy. This led to increased taxation and widespread poverty.
  • Famine and Unemployment: Bad harvests in the 1780s led to food shortages and inflation, worsening economic conditions. Widespread unemployment in urban areas further fueled dissatisfaction.
  • Enlightenment Ideas: Enlightenment philosophers like Rousseau criticized absolute monarchy and advocated ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity. Their writings inspired revolutionary thinking.

Q1. Describe the circumstances leading to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France?

Several factors contributed to the revolutionary protests in France in 1789:

  • Social Inequality: French society was divided into three estates. The clergy (First Estate) and the nobility (Second Estate) enjoyed privileges, while the commoners (Third Estate) bore heavy taxes and had no say in political matters. This inequality fueled anger among the Third Estate.
  • Weak Monarchy: King Louis XVI was seen as an ineffective leader who failed to address the grievances of the people. His inability to reform taxation and government deepened the crisis.
  • Economic Crisis: France faced a severe financial crisis due to costly wars (like the American War of Independence) and extravagant spending by the monarchy. This led to increased taxation and widespread poverty.
  • Famine and Unemployment: Bad harvests in the 1780s led to food shortages and inflation, worsening economic conditions. Widespread unemployment in urban areas further fueled dissatisfaction.
  • Enlightenment Ideas: Enlightenment philosophers like Rousseau criticized absolute monarchy and advocated ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity. Their writings inspired revolutionary thinking.

Q1. Describe the circumstances leading to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France?

Several factors contributed to the revolutionary protests in France in 1789:

  • Social Inequality: French society was divided into three estates. The clergy (First Estate) and the nobility (Second Estate) enjoyed privileges, while the commoners (Third Estate) bore heavy taxes and had no say in political matters. This inequality fueled anger among the Third Estate.
  • Weak Monarchy: King Louis XVI was seen as an ineffective leader who failed to address the grievances of the people. His inability to reform taxation and government deepened the crisis.
  • Economic Crisis: France faced a severe financial crisis due to costly wars (like the American War of Independence) and extravagant spending by the monarchy. This led to increased taxation and widespread poverty.
  • Famine and Unemployment: Bad harvests in the 1780s led to food shortages and inflation, worsening economic conditions. Widespread unemployment in urban areas further fueled dissatisfaction.
  • Enlightenment Ideas: Enlightenment philosophers like Rousseau criticized absolute monarchy and advocated ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity. Their writings inspired revolutionary thinking.

Q1. Describe the circumstances leading to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France?

Several factors contributed to the revolutionary protests in France in 1789:

  • Social Inequality: French society was divided into three estates. The clergy (First Estate) and the nobility (Second Estate) enjoyed privileges, while the commoners (Third Estate) bore heavy taxes and had no say in political matters. This inequality fueled anger among the Third Estate.
  • Weak Monarchy: King Louis XVI was seen as an ineffective leader who failed to address the grievances of the people. His inability to reform taxation and government deepened the crisis.
  • Economic Crisis: France faced a severe financial crisis due to costly wars (like the American War of Independence) and extravagant spending by the monarchy. This led to increased taxation and widespread poverty.
  • Famine and Unemployment: Bad harvests in the 1780s led to food shortages and inflation, worsening economic conditions. Widespread unemployment in urban areas further fueled dissatisfaction.
  • Enlightenment Ideas: Enlightenment philosophers like Rousseau criticized absolute monarchy and advocated ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity. Their writings inspired revolutionary thinking.

Q1. Describe the circumstances leading to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France?

Several factors contributed to the revolutionary protests in France in 1789:

  • Social Inequality: French society was divided into three estates. The clergy (First Estate) and the nobility (Second Estate) enjoyed privileges, while the commoners (Third Estate) bore heavy taxes and had no say in political matters. This inequality fueled anger among the Third Estate.
  • Weak Monarchy: King Louis XVI was seen as an ineffective leader who failed to address the grievances of the people. His inability to reform taxation and government deepened the crisis.
  • Economic Crisis: France faced a severe financial crisis due to costly wars (like the American War of Independence) and extravagant spending by the monarchy. This led to increased taxation and widespread poverty.
  • Famine and Unemployment: Bad harvests in the 1780s led to food shortages and inflation, worsening economic conditions. Widespread unemployment in urban areas further fueled dissatisfaction.
  • Enlightenment Ideas: Enlightenment philosophers like Rousseau criticized absolute monarchy and advocated ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity. Their writings inspired revolutionary thinking.